Elucidating Immunometabolic Responses to HIV Infection that Increase TB or HBV Risk (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed) | PAR 25 315

Opportunity Information: Apply for PAR 25 315

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding opportunity PAR-25-315, titled "Elucidating Immunometabolic Responses to HIV Infection that Increase TB or HBV Risk (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)," supports R01 research projects focused on a specific problem seen in people living with HIV who are doing well on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Even when HIV is virally suppressed, HIV can leave behind lasting changes in immune function and cellular metabolism (immunometabolism). This NOFO is designed to fund studies that dig into how those HIV-driven immunometabolic alterations reshape immune responses in ways that make a person more vulnerable to poor outcomes from a second infection that can persist over time, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes tuberculosis (TB), or hepatitis B virus (HBV). The overall aim is to move beyond the idea that viral suppression fully normalizes immune health, and instead pinpoint the specific metabolic and immune regulatory pathways that remain altered and that may drive TB or HBV risk and disease progression.

A major emphasis of the NOFO is mechanistic research that clarifies how HIV-associated immunometabolic changes affect immune cell regulation and behavior. That includes how immune cells are programmed metabolically, how they communicate with each other through cell-cell interactions, and how these changes influence responses to treatments relevant to TB or HBV. By linking immunometabolic states to functional immune outcomes, the research is expected to help explain why some cART-suppressed individuals still experience increased susceptibility, worse control of co-infections, more severe disease, or poorer recovery trajectories. The work supported under this announcement is meant to generate a clearer map of the immune-metabolic drivers of TB and HBV disease progression in the context of treated HIV, potentially setting up future strategies for host-directed interventions, improved risk stratification, or better-tailored prevention and therapeutic approaches.

This is an R01 grant mechanism and is explicitly "Clinical Trial Not Allowed," meaning applicants should propose studies that do not meet NIH’s definition of a clinical trial. In practice, this generally steers applicants toward basic, translational, and mechanistic studies that may involve human samples, ex vivo analyses, computational and systems biology approaches, animal models, or other experimental platforms, but not prospective interventional studies in humans designed to evaluate health-related outcomes. The activity category is health research, and the CFDA number listed is 93.855. The opportunity is categorized as discretionary and uses the grant funding instrument.

Eligibility is broad and includes many common applicant types such as state, county, city, and special district governments; independent school districts; public and state-controlled and private institutions of higher education; federally recognized Native American tribal governments; tribal organizations not federally recognized; public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities; nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status; for-profit organizations other than small businesses; small businesses; and other entities. The NOFO also highlights additional eligible applicant categories, including Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs), Hispanic-serving Institutions, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), faith-based or community-based organizations, eligible federal agencies, non-domestic (non-U.S.) entities and foreign organizations, regional organizations, Indian/Native American tribal governments other than federally recognized, and U.S. territories or possessions. The agency is NIH, the opportunity was created on 2024-12-18, and the original closing date listed is 2028-01-07. An award ceiling is not specified in the provided data, and the expected number of awards is not listed.

• The National Institutes of Health in the health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Elucidating Immunometabolic Responses to HIV Infection that Increase TB or HBV Risk (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)" and is now available to receive applicants.
• Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.855.
• This funding opportunity was created on 2024-12-18.
• Applicants must submit their applications by 2028-01-07.
• Eligible applicants include: State governments, County governments, City or township governments, Special district governments, Independent school districts, Public and State controlled institutions of higher education, Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized), Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities, Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments), Nonprofits having a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Nonprofits that do not have a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Private institutions of higher education, For-profit organizations other than small businesses, Small businesses, Others.

Apply for PAR 25 315

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